Which of the following conditions relates to a complication where the placenta detaches before delivery?

The condition that relates to a complication where the placenta detaches before delivery is known as placental abruption. This occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely, which can lead to various complications for both the mother and the fetus. The separation can result in reduced blood flow and oxygen to the fetus, and may also cause significant maternal bleeding.

In contrast, placenta previa refers to a condition where the placenta is positioned abnormally low in the uterus, covering all or part of the cervix, but does not involve detachment before delivery. Excessive bleeding is a symptom that can result from several conditions, including placental abruption, but it is not a condition itself. Uterine rupture involves the tearing of the uterine wall, which is a different and more acute complication entirely. Thus, understanding the specific circumstances of placental abruption is critical because it directly describes the premature detachment process.