What is Hepatitis B known to cause?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation of this vital organ. The virus can cause chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer in some cases. Understanding that Hepatitis B specifically targets the liver clarifies why inflammation of the liver is the correct answer. This is a key aspect of managing and treating patients with Hepatitis B, as the liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying the body, producing bile for digestion, and regulating various metabolic processes. The other organ systems mentioned in the options are not affected by Hepatitis B, as the virus does not target the kidneys, lungs, or heart in a way that results in inflammation.