How should superficial and partial-thickness burns be treated initially?

Superficial and partial-thickness burns should be treated by first cooling the burned area to reduce pain and prevent further tissue damage. The appropriate initial treatment includes covering the burn with a sterile dressing after it has cooled adequately, which helps protect the area from infection and further injury. This method promotes healing and provides a barrier against contaminants that could exacerbate the burn's condition.

It is crucial to avoid flushing the burn with hot water as that could potentially worsen the injury. Using ice directly on the burn can lead to frostbite and further skin damage, as the extreme cold causes vasoconstriction and can harm the already sensitive tissue. Additionally, applying ointments immediately is not recommended until the burn is cleaned and assessed properly because they can trap heat in the burn area, which could lead to infection and complicate healing. Thus, the best course of action is to cool the burn gently and cover it with a sterile dressing to facilitate proper healing and protection.